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TOXICOLOGY


Toxicology:-
          It is the science which deals with poisons with reference to their sources, properties, mode of action, symptoms which they produce, lethal dose, lethal period, Nature of the fatal results, treatment, method of their detection and estimation and autopsy finding.
                                                OR
          Toxicology is the science which deals with toxins produced by plant, animal, bacteria and fungi which are harmful to man.

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IRRITANT POISON

IRRITANT POISON     I rritant poisons are classified as – 1.     Inorganic poison (non-metal, metal) 2. Organic poison (vegetable and animal) 3.     Mechanical poison    Corrosive poison in very dilute solution act as irritants. Irritant poison cause symptoms of gastro enteritis. General symptoms and signs:-    The onset of symptom and sign which is variable is usually within half an hour to an hour- (i)Burning sensation in mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach and abdomen. (ii) Intense thirst (iii) Difficulty in swallowing (iv) Painful vomiting and diarrahoea (v) Continuous retching (vi) Sighing respiration (vii) Cramping pain in the limbs. (viii) Conversions and coma may follow death may occur with in 24 hours from shock. (ix) Stricture of the esophagus may occur.
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SNAKE (Ophidia)

 Important poisonous snakes of India are Cobra, king cobra, common krait, banded krait, common green pit viper, russell's viper and saw scaled viper. The poisonous snakes are further classified on the bases of poison secreted by them into three main types- 1. Elapids (secreting neurotoxic venom)  2. Vipers (vasculotoxic venom) 3. Sea snake (myotoxic) 1. Elapids:-    It consist of cobra, king cobra, common krait, banded krait and coral. The head is nearly of the same width as that of neck, pupil are round, the fangs are situated anteriorly but being covered of fold of mucus membrane, tail is usually round.  2. Viper:-    This group consist of pit vipers and pitless viper, the head is triangular and wider than the neck and pupil is vertical. The fangs are long, movable and canalized with hypodermic needle. While bite of pit vipers seldom fatal to human beings, those of pitless viper are dangerous. The tail is tapering. The bamboo ...
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SCORPION

Introduction:- Scorpion have a crab like appearance with a long, fleshy, five segmented tail like a post abdomen, entering in a broad sack and a prominent hollow sting which communicates by means of a duct with the venom secreting gland. Its toxicity is greater than that of snake but only a small quantity is injected. Symptoms and Signs:- The person who bite by scorpion, his sign and symptoms are given bellow- The local irritation is characterized by redness, and burning pain radiating from the site. There may be headache, giddiness, nausea, profuse perspiration, muscular cramps followed by some cases by coma. The duration of symptoms is 24 to 48 hours. Neurological manifestation Pathological finding in case of death are wide spread hemorrhage. Myocardial damage is found in death after Red scorpion sting.
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